Install Ubuntu
- Install Apache webserver:
sudo apt-get install apache2 - Install MySQL database server:
sudo apt-get install mysql-server - Install PHP:
sudo apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5 php5-mysql - Install phpmyadmin:
sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin - Turn on the Apache module rewrite:
sudo a2enmod rewrite - Edit /etc/apache2/sites_available/default to enable .htaccess processing (set AllowOverride to All)
- Restart Apache:
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
lamp vsftpd
Novice ubuntu Lamp install "successfuls" to run boonex dolphin 7 cmd social network.
Scope of project= run php script localhost 2 do this on linux/ubuntu 10.04 requires LAMP server to be installed and configured.
problem was in setting the permissions chmod 777.
solution was i had to add ftp server to the mix.
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c&p's
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ftp install
Q. How do I install Ubuntu ftp service or server?
A. Ubuntu Linux comes with various ftp servers to setup FTP service such as:
=> proftpd - Versatile, virtual-hosting FTP daemon
=> vsftpd - The Very Secure FTP Daemon
=> ftpd - FTP server
=> wu-ftpd - powerful and widely used FTP server
=> wzdftpd - A portable, modular, small and efficient ftp server
=> pure-ftpd - Pure-FTPd FTP server
I recommend using vsftpd. It is simple and quite secure FTP server. According to vsftpd man page:
vsftpd is the Very Secure File Transfer Protocol Daemon. The server can be launched via a super-server such as inetd or xinetd. Alternatively, vsftpd can be launched in standalone mode, in which case vsftpd itself will listen on the network.
=> Default ftp port : 21
=> Default configuration file : /etc/vsftpd.conf
How do I set up the vsftpd daemon to accept connections from another computer?
The configuration of the vsftpd FTP service (read as daemon ) simply requires three steps.
Step # 1: Install vsftpd
Type apt-get command to install vsftpd$ sudo apt-get install vsftpd
Output:
Password: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following NEW packages will be installed: vsftpd 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 121kB of archives. After unpacking 438kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com edgy/main vsftpd 2.0.4-0ubuntu5 [121kB] Fetched 121kB in 0s (246kB/s) Selecting previously deselected package vsftpd. (Reading database ... 31396 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking vsftpd (from .../vsftpd_2.0.4-0ubuntu5_amd64.deb) ... Setting up vsftpd (2.0.4-0ubuntu5) ... Adding system user `ftp' with uid 106... Adding new user `ftp' (106) with group `nogroup'. Not creating home directory `/home/ftp'. * Starting FTP server: vsftpd
Step # 2: Configure /etc/vsftpd.conf
The default vsftpd configuration file is /etc/vsftpd.conf. You need to edit this file using text editor such as vi:$ sudo vi /etc/vsftpd.conf
Add the following line (uncomment line) to the vsftpd configuration file:local_enable=YES
Above config directive will allow local users to log in via ftp
If you would like to allow users to upload file, add the following to the file:write_enable=YES
For security you may restrict local users to their home directories. Add the following to the file:chroot_local_user=YES
Save and close the file.
Step # 3: Restart vsftpd
To restart vsftpd type the command :$ sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart
Output:
* Stopping FTP server: vsftpd [ ok ] * Starting FTP server: vsftpd [ ok ]
How do I use ftp command line utility?
Now you should be able to FTP to this server with any account that exists on the system except for the root user. From Windows or other Linux system use ftp client, type the command:$ ftp ftp.nixcraft.in
Output:
Connected to ftp.nixcraft.in. 220 (vsFTPd 2.0.4) Name (ftp.nixcraft.in:vivek): vivek 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp> pwd 257 "/" ftp> ls 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Here comes the directory listing. -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 1000 91798 Aug 16 08:26 apf-current.tar.gz -rwxr-xr-x 1 1000 1000 156 Nov 10 07:05 iptables.stop drwxr-xr-x 3 0 0 4096 Dec 23 11:11 postfix -rw-r--r-- 1 0 0 10481942 Nov 29 23:35 webmin_1.310_all.deb 226 Directory send OK. ftp> quit 221 Goodbye.
Open FTP port using iptables (optional)
Add following rules to your iptables script. Assuming that default incoming policy is drop. If protocol is TCP and destination port is 21 (ftp):iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
See - How do I open open ftp port 21 using iptables for more information.
There are a large number of other configuration options available for vsftpd that can be used to fine tune ftp server. Read vsftpd.conf man page by typing following command:$ man vsftpd.conf
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lamp install
This is to help people setup and install a LAMP (Linux-Apache-MySQL-PHP) server in Ubuntu, including Apache 2, PHP 5 and MySQL 4.1 or 5.0.
To install the default LAMP stack in Ubuntu 10.04 and above
First install tasksel...
sudo apt-get install tasksel
... and then the LAMP stack:
sudo tasksel install lamp-server
See Tasksel - be warned, only use tasksel to install tasks, not to remove them - see https://launchpad.net/bugs/574287
Starting over: How to remove the LAMP stack
To remove the LAMP stack remove the following packages:
- Note: This assumes you have no other programs that require any of these packages. You might wish to simulate this removal first, and only remove the packages that don't cause removal of something desired.
apache2 apache2-mpm-prefork apache2-utils apache2.2-common libapache2-mod-php5 libapr1 libaprutil1 libdbd-mysql-perl libdbi-perl libmysqlclient15off libnet-daemon-perl libplrpc-perl libpq5 mysql-client-5.0 mysql-common mysql-server mysql-server-5.0 php5-common php5-mysql
To also remove the debconf data, use the purge option when removing. To get rid of any configurations you may have made to apache, manually remove the /etc/apache2 directory once the packages have been removed.
Installing Apache 2
To only install the apache2 webserver, use any method to install
apache2
It requires a restart for it to work
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
Checking Apache 2 installation
With your web browser, go to the URI http://localhost : if you read "It works!", which is the content of the file /var/www/index.html , this proves Apache works.
Troubleshooting Apache
If you get this error:
apache2: Could not determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName
then use a text editor such as "sudo nano" at the command line or "gksudo gedit" on the desktop to create a new file,
sudo nano /etc/apache2/conf.d/fqdn
or
gksu "gedit /etc/apache2/conf.d/fqdn"
then add
ServerName localhost
to the file and save. This can all be done in a single command with the following:
echo "ServerName localhost" | sudo tee /etc/apache2/conf.d/fqdn
Virtual Hosts
Apache2 has the concept of sites, which are separate configuration files that Apache2 will read. These are available in /etc/apache2/sites-available. By default, there is one site available called default this is what you will see when you browse to http://localhost or http://127.0.0.1. You can have many different site configurations available, and activate only those that you need.
As an example, we want the default site to be /home/user/public_html/. To do this, we must create a new site and then enable it in Apache2.
To create a new site:
-
Copy the default website as a starting point. sudo cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/default /etc/apache2/sites-available/mysite
-
Edit the new configuration file in a text editor "sudo nano" on the command line or "gksudo gedit", for example: gksudo gedit /etc/apache2/sites-available/mysite
-
Change the DocumentRoot to point to the new location. For example, /home/user/public_html/
-
Change the Directory directive, replace <Directory /var/www/> to <Directory /home/user/public_html/>
-
You can also set separate logs for each site. To do this, change the ErrorLog and CustomLog directives. This is optional, but handy if you have many sites
- Save the file
Now, we must deactivate the old site, and activate our new one. Ubuntu provides two small utilities that take care of this: a2ensite (apache2enable site) and a2dissite (apache2disable site).
sudo a2dissite default && sudo a2ensite mysite
Finally, we restart Apache2:
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
If you have not created /home/user/public_html/, you will receive an warning message
To test the new site, create a file in /home/user/public_html/:
echo '<b>Hello! It is working!</b>' > /home/user/public_html/index.html
Finally, browse to http://localhost/
Installing PHP 5
To only install PHP5. use any method to install the package
libapache2-mod-php5
Enable this module by doing
sudo a2enmod php5
which creates a symbolic link /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/php5 pointing to /etc/apache2/mods-availble/php5 .
Except if you use deprecated PHP code beginning only by "<?" instead of "<?php" (which is highly inadvisable), open, as root, the file /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini , look for the line "short_open_tag = On", change it to "short_open_tag = Off" (not including the quotation marks) and add a line of comment (beginning by a semi-colon) giving the reason, the author and the date of this change. This way, if you later want some XML or XHTML file to be served as PHP, the "<?xml" tag will be ignored by PHP instead of being seen as a PHP code mistake.
Relaunch Apache 2 by
sudo service apache2 restart
Checking PHP 5 installation
In /var/www , create a text file called "test.php", grant the world (or, at least, Ubuntu user "apache") permission to read it, write in it the only line: "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" (without the quotation marks) then, with your web browser, go to the URI "http://localhost/test.php": if you can see a description of PHP5 configuration, it proves PHP 5 works with Apache.
Troubleshooting PHP 5
Does your browser ask if you want to download the php file instead of displaying it? If Apache is not actually parsing the php after you restarted it, install libapache2-mod-php5. It is installed when you install the php5 package, but may have been removed inadvertently by packages which need to run a different version of php.
If sudo a2enmod php5 returns "$ This module does not exist!", you should purge (not just remove) the libapache2-mod-php5 package and reinstall it.
Be sure to clear your browser's cache before testing your site again. To do this in Firefox 4: Edit → Preferences … Privacy → History: clear your recent history → Details : choose "Everything" in "Time range to clean" and check only "cache", then click on "Clear now".
Remember that, for Apache to be called, the URI in your web browser must begin with "http://". If it begins with "file://", then the file is read directly by the browser, without Apache, so you get (X)HTML and CSS, but no PHP. If you didn't configure any host alias or virtual host, then a local URI begins with "http://localhost", "http://127.0.0.1" or http://" followed by your IP number.
If the problem persists, check your PHP file authorisations (it should be readable at least by Ubuntu user "apache"), and check if the PHP code is correct. For instance, copy your PHP file, replace your whole PHP file content by "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" (without the quotation marks): if you get the PHP test page in your web browser, then the problem is in your PHP code, not in Apache or PHP configuration nor in file permissions. If this doesn't work, then it is a problem of file authorisation, Apache or PHP configuration, cache not emptied, or Apache not running or not restarted. Use the display of that test file in your web browser to see the list of files influencing PHP behaviour.
Installing MYSQL with PHP 5
Use any method to install
mysql-server libapache2-mod-auth-mysql php5-mysql
After installing PHP
You may need to increase the memory limit that PHP imposes on a script. Edit the /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini file and increase the memory_limit value.
After installing MySQL
Set mysql bind address
Before you can access the database from other computers in your network, you have to change its bind address. Note that this can be a security problem, because your database can be accessed by other computers than your own. Skip this step if the applications which require mysql are running on the same machine.
type:
nano /etc/mysql/my.cnf
and change the line:
bind-address = localhost
to your own internal ip address e.g. 192.168.1.20
bind-address = 192.168.1.20
If your ip address is dynamic you can also comment out the bind-address line and it will default to your current ip.
If you try to connect without changing the bind-address you will recieve a "Can not connect to mysql error 10061".
Set mysql root password
Before accessing the database by console you need to type:
mysql -u root
At the mysql console type:
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('yourpassword');
A successful mysql command will show:
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Mysql commands can span several lines. Do not forget to end your mysql command with a semicolon.
Note: If you have already set a password for the mysql root, you will need to use:
mysql -u root -p
(Did you forget the mysql-root password? See MysqlPasswordReset.)
Create a mysql database
mysql> CREATE DATABASE database1;
Create a mysql user
For creating a new user with all privileges (use only for troubleshooting), at mysql prompt type:
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'yourusername'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'yourpassword' WITH GRANT OPTION;
For creating a new user with fewer privileges (should work for most web applications) which can only use the database named "database1", at mysql prompt type:
mysql> GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES ON database1.* TO 'yourusername'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'yourpassword';
yourusername and yourpassword can be anything you like. database1 is the name of the database the user gets access to. localhost is the location which gets access to your database. You can change it to '%' (or to hostnames or ip addresses) to allow connections from every location (or only from specific locations) to the database. Note, that this can be a security problem and should only be used for testing purposes!
To exit the mysql prompt type:
mysql> \q
Since the mysql root password is now set, if you need to use mysql again (as the mysql root), you will need to use:
mysql -u root -p
and then enter the password at the prompt.
Backup-Settings
Please, let's say something in which directories mysql stores the database information and how to configure a backup
Alternatively
There is more than just one way to set the mysql root password and create a database. For example mysqladmin can be used:
mysqladmin -u root -p password yourpassword
and
mysqladmin -u root -p create database1
mysqladmin is a command-line tool provided by the default LAMP install.
Phpmyadmin and mysql-admin
All mysql tasks including setting the root password and creating databases can be done via a graphical interface using phpmyadmin or mysql-admin.
To install one or both of them, first enable the universe repository
Use any method to install
phpmyadmin
Troubleshooting Phpmyadmin & mysql-admin
If you get blowfish_secret error:Choose and set a phrase for cryptography in the file /etc/phpmyadmin/blowfish_secret.inc.php and copy the line (not the php tags) into the file /etc/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php or you will receive an error.
If you get a 404 error upon visiting http://localhost/phpmyadmin:You will need to configure apache2.conf to work with Phpmyadmin.
sudo gedit /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
Include the following line at the bottom of the file, save and quit.
Include /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf
Alternative: install phpMyAdmin from source
See the phpMyAdmin page for instructions on how to install phpmyadmin from source:
Mysql-admin
Mysql-admin runs locally, on the desktop. Use any method to install
mysql-admin
For more information
2.9.3. Securing the Initial MySQL Accounts from the MySQL Reference Manual is worth reading.
Edit Apache Configuration
You may want your current user to be the PHP pages administrator. To do so, edit the Apache configuration file :
$ gksudo "gedit /etc/apache2/apache2.conf"
Search both the strings starting by "User" and "Group", and change the names by the current username and groupname you are using.Then you'll need to restart Apache. (look at the next chapter concerning apache commands)
Configuration options relating specifically to user websites (accessed through localhost/~username) are in /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/userdir.conf.
Run, Stop, Test, And Restart Apache
Use the following command to run Apache :
$ sudo /usr/sbin/apache2ctl start
To stop it, use :
$ sudo /usr/sbin/apache2ctl stop
To test configuration changes, use :
$ sudo /usr/sbin/apache2ctl configtest
Finally, to restart it, run :
$ sudo /usr/sbin/apache2ctl restart
Alternatively, you can use a graphical interface by installing Rapache or the simpler localhost-indicator.
Using Apache
You can access apache by typing 127.0.0.1 or http://localhost (by default it will be listening on port 80) in your browser address bar.By default the directory for apache server pages is /var/www .It needs root access in order to put files in. A way to do it is just starting the file browser as root in a terminal:
$ sudo nautilus
or
if you want to make /var/www your own. (Use only for non-production web servers - this is not the most secure way to do things.)
$ sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www
Status
To check the status of your PHP installation:
$ gksudo "gedit /var/www/testphp.php"
and insert the following line
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
View this page on a web browser at http://yourserveripaddress/testphp.php or http://localhost/testphp.php
Securing Apache
If you just want to run your Apache install as a development server and want to prevent it from listening for incoming connection attempts, this is easy to do.
$ gksudo "gedit /etc/apache2/ports.conf" $ password:
Change ports.conf so that it contains:
Listen 127.0.0.1:80
Save this file, and restart Apache (see above). Now Apache will serve only to your home domain, http://127.0.0.1 or http://localhost.
Password-Protect a Directory
There are 2 ways to password-protect a specific directory. The recommended way involves editing /etc/apache2/apache2.conf . (To do this, you need root access). The other way involves editing a .htaccess file in the directory to be protected.(To do this, you need access to that directory).
Password-Protect a Directory With .htaccess
See EnablingUseOfApacheHtaccessFiles
Warning: On at least some versions of Ubuntu, .htaccess files will not work by default. See EnablingUseOfApacheHtaccessFiles for help on enabling them.
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